Harvard economic platform researcher Dipayan Ghosh proposes some alternative solutions to breaking up tech titans such as Facebook, Google, Apple, and Amazon.

Harvard economic platform researcher Dipayan Ghosh proposes some alternative solutions to breaking up tech titans such as Facebook, Google, Apple, and Amazon. As Ghosh suggests, breaking up tech titans would only serve to punish innovative tech enterprises that have already created tremendous economic value. The major tech titans have become quasi-monopolies that necessitate a novel and stringent set of *utility regulations* for better privacy protection and personal data usage. In fact, these regulations should obstruct the capitalistic overreaches of tech titans in order to protect the public against economic exploitation. Facebook, Google, Apple, and Amazon reap substantive mercenary gains from their network services when more people use these services.

Their current infrastructure makes it extraordinarily difficult for new entrants to offer competitive levels of consumer utility. The tech titans extract consumer currency on the basis of personal data and attention. Moreover, these tech pioneers extract consumer currency on one side of the platform, and then exchange such currency for monetary revenue at high margins on the other side of the same platform. This subtle but corrosive form of economic exploitation seems objectionable to Justice Department, Federal Trade Commission, and European Commission. Ghosh thus advocates an alternative case for utility regulations in lieu of breaking up the tech titans such as Facebook, Google, Apple, and Amazon.